3/21/2011
पृथ्वीको सूरक्षा: चिन्ता र चासो
1/18/2009
काठमान्डुको फोहर कहिले बन्ला मोहर
काठमान्डुमा फोहर थुप्रिनु के को नौलो भयो र। चोक-चोक र गल्ली गल्लीमा। यसपाली पनि दुई हप्तासम्म फोहर सडकबाट उठेन। मान्छेहरु नाक छोपेर हिड्न बानी परिसके। घर-घर बाट निस्कने फोहरको सहि ब्यवस्थान नहुनले यो समस्या पटक पटक दोहोरिरहेको छ। फोहर निकाल्ने एक ठाउबाट अनि लगेर फाल्ने अर्को ठाउमा। फोहर उत्पादन गर्छ काठमान्डुले अनि गनाउने गन्ध सुग्नु पर्ने अन्य गाउले ले। यो नै गलत छ। जहा फोहोर उत्पादन हुन्छ त्यहीनै ब्यवस्थापन गर्नु पर्छ। घर घरमा निस्कने फोहर बाटोमा फाल्ने अनि बाटोबाट उठाएर ल्यन्डफिल्ड साईटमा लगेर पुर्ने। त्यो पनि टाढा टाढा लग्नु पर्ने। कहीले बागमतीको किनारमा, कहिले बिश्णुमतीको किनारमा पुर्ने अनि कहिले छत्रेदेउराली त कहिले सिस्डोल अनि कहिले बन्चरे डांडा र कहिले ओखरपौवा। अनि त्यहाका बासिन्दाले बिभिन्न माग राखेर आन्दोलन् गर्छन। फोहर लान दिदैनन अनि सहर पुरै दुर्गन्धमा डुब्छ। यो फोहर तह लगाउन बिभिन्न बैज्ञानिक अध्ययनहरुले सल्लाह दिएकै छन। तर किन सरकारी सम्यन्त्र किन परम्परागत ढररा बाट बहिर आउन सक्दैन कुन्नी।
अध्ययनहरुले बताए अनुसार ७०% फोहर प्रङारिक प्रकारको छ। जसबाट प्राङारिक मल बनाउन सकिन्छ। यसो गर्दा त ७०% फोहर स्वत कम भैहाल्यो। अनि बाकी रहेको पनि पुन-प्रयोग गर्न सकिने लाई त्यसो गर्यो भने ल्यन्डफिल साईटमा पुर्ने पर्ने फोहर त निकै कम हुन्छ। अहिले काठमान्डुले दैनिक ३०० टन भन्दा बढी फोहोर निकाल्छ। अन्य देशका शहरहरुमा हेर्यो भने फोहरबाट बिजुली निकाल्ने गरेको पाइन्छ। फोहरलाई जलाइन्छ र त्यसबाट निस्कने तापलाई उर्जा निकाल्न प्रयोग गरिन्छ वा फोहरलाई जलाएर मिथेन जस्ता ग्यास निकाली ती ग्यासलाई उर्जाको रुपमा प्रयोग गर्न सकिन्छ।
कहिले होला काठमान्डुका सडक सफा भएको हेर्न पाउने?
11/14/2008
Asian brown cloud danger
more on ABC here.
8/07/2008
Beijing Olympics, Air pollution and Human Rights in China

Science magazine, a reputed scientific magazine, published a special issue on first August about Beijing's air pollution. This shows the importance of the air pollution in scientific community. Not only in scientific circle but also in common people, its a matter of curiosity how China is tackling to mitigate the pollution. My adviser Prof. Staci Simonich is recently quoted in various print media, radio and television channels. She is in Beijing to collect air samples before and during Beijing Olympics. The result of this research will show how effective was the measures used to reduce air pollution. A comparison will be done on the concentrations of various Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) before the Olympic and during the Olympics. These pollutants are produced from burning coal, wood, vehicular emission. Other main pollutants in Beijing are sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), carbon monoxide, and particulate matter less than 10 micrometers in diameter (PM10). Chinese government has done tremendous effort to improve air quality since 2001. They relocated coal fueled factories, coal furnaces in tens of thousands of houses were converted into gas furnaces. This effort has become a big scientific experiment in terms of air quality improvement in the cities like Beijing.
some links about Beijing air pollution during Olympics
USA Today Gazette Times OSU news OPB News
Barometer
Listen on wbur.org here and now
Wall Street Journal Associate Press (AP) NorthWest Public Radio
Los Angels Times MSNBC
3/03/2008
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons-2
PAHs are found in air, water, snow, soil, vegetation, can travel thousands of miles and can persist in the environment for years. In previous blog I introduced PAHs and in this blog I am writing something about health effects of PAHs to humans.
Exposure: Mainly you are exposed to PAHs through contaminated air. Urban air has much more higher concentration of PAHs than rural air. You may be exposed to PAHs in soil near hazardous waste sites or near areas where coal, wood, gasoline or other products have been burned. Low levels of PAHs have been found in some drinking water supplies in the United States.In the home, PAHs are present in tobacco smoke, smoke from wood burning stoves and fireplaces, creosote-treated wood products, and some foods. Barbecuing, smoking, or charring food over a fire greatly increases the amount of PAHs in the food. Other foods that may contain low levels of PAHs include roasted coffee, roasted peanuts, refined vegetable oil, grains, vegetables, and fruits. A variety of cosmetics and shampoos are made with coal tar and therefore contain PAHs. The PAH compound naphthalene is present in some mothballs.
Effects: The health effects that can be caused by exposure to PAHs depend on how much has entered the body, how long you have been exposed to PAHs, and how the body responds to PAHs.
Short-term health effects: It is not clear that PAHs cause short-term health effects. Other compounds commonly found with PAHs may be the cause of short-term symptoms such as eye irritation, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and confusion.
Long-term health effects:Cataracts, kidney and liver damage, and jaundice. Repeated skin contact to the PAH naphthalene can result in redness and inflammation of the skin. Breathing or swallowing large amounts of naphthalene can cause the breakdown of red blood cells.Long-term exposure to low levels of some PAHs have caused cancer in laboratory animals. Benzo(a)pyrene is the most common PAH to cause cancer in animals.
more info
http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles/tp69-c1.pdf
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polycyclic_aromatic_hydrocarbon
2/24/2008
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons-1
4-rings: Chrysene
5-rings:Benzo[a]pyrene
7-rings:Coronene

Anthracene
These PAHs are pollutants and they are carcinogenic to humans.
I will write more specific information about these pollutants in upcoming blogs. Please visit science to society.
11/21/2007
Air Pollution in Kathmandu
This photo taken recently from airplane shows the effect of air pollution in Kathmandu's air. The reduction of visibility is due to polluted air. The first one on the left side is taken from above the polluted air. You can see clear snowy mountain peaks and down there is layer of polluted air. The second picture on the right side was taken from below the polluted air and you barely see the beautiful mountains because the polluted layer of air blocks and visibility is very poor.